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Slides – Teaching Aid Introduction Critical International Theory represents a broad family of approaches in IR that seek to challenge and transform prevailing structures of power, knowledge, and identity in world politics. Rooted in philosophical traditions such as Marxism and influenced by the Frankfurt School, Critical Theory interrogates the status quo rather than accepting it as…

Slides – Teaching Aid Introduction Social constructivism is a major theory within International Relations (IR) that emphasizes the significance of ideas, beliefs, and shared meanings in the formation of international systems, their behavior, and outcomes. Unlike realism and liberalism—which stress material power and institutions—constructivism argues that the global political landscape is shaped primarily through social…

PPT Slides Printable PDF – English The Prime Minister’s Office (PMO) of India is a crucial institution that supports the Prime Minister in the administration, coordination, and oversight of government functions. Its detailed functions include the following: 1. Secretarial Support and Advisory Role 2. Policy Coordination and Implementation 3. Handling High-Level Appointments and Approvals 4.…

Slides – Teaching Aid Slides – Kannada In the administrative framework of Indian states, the Chief Secretary holds the most senior executive position, functioning as the head of the state’s civil services and the State Secretariat12. This office is the central point of state administration, ensuring coordination, policy implementation, and providing crucial advisory support to…

Slides – Teaching Aid Slides – Kannada 1. Introduction: Guardian of the Public Purse The Comptroller and Auditor General (CAG) of India is a supreme constitutional authority established under Article 148 of the Indian Constitution. As the head of the Indian Audit and Accounts Department, the CAG is the chief auditor of the nation’s finances…

Slides – Teaching Aid 1. Introduction: The Bedrock of Indian Fiscal Federalism The Finance Commission of India is a constitutional body established under Article 280 of the Indian Constitution. It is a cornerstone of India’s fiscal federalism, designed to define and periodically readjust the financial relations between the central government (the Union) and the individual…

Slides – for Teaching Introduction The National Development Council (NDC) of India, known as the Rashtriya Vikas Parishad, is the apex policy-making body established on August 6, 1952, to facilitate cooperation between the central and state governments for national development. Chaired by the Prime Minister, the NDC serves as a high-level forum for deliberations and…

Slides – Teaching Slides – iPhone Case study Introduction Structural Marxism in international relations theory presents a critical alternative to mainstream, state-centric analyses like realism and liberalism. Rather than focusing on anarchy or the interactions between sovereign states, this perspective posits that the fundamental structure of the global system is the capitalist world-economy. Proponents, heavily…

Introduction: The Planning Commission of India, established in 1950 and dissolved in 2014 (replaced by NITI Aayog), played a pivotal role in shaping India’s economic and social development through centralized planning. Oraganisational Structure:

Introduction Medieval administration refers to the systems of governance and organizational structures that characterized the medieval period, spanning roughly from the 5th to the 15th century in Europe. This era was marked by the decline of the Roman Empire, the emergence of feudalism, and the dominance of various kingdoms, principalities, and empires. The administrative landscape…