Thomas Hobbes’ Social Contract Theory Thomas Hobbes, a 17th-century English philosopher, developed his social contract theory in his seminal work Leviathan (1651), where he explores the origins of political authority and the role of sovereignty in maintaining order. Hobbes’ theory posits that humans, driven by self-preservation, escape a chaotic state of nature by collectively submitting…

Dr. Bharath D Malali, Foreign Policy Expert, Bangalore Introduction: The Indian Ocean region (IOR) has become a pivotal point of geopolitical calculation in the recent decades. The major players of the region viz. India and China, are shaping the regional dynamics. The small island nation of the Maldives, which strategically located in the along vital…

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Amidst all the buzz about the 25% tariff that US President Donald Trump slapped on Indian goods back in July, things got even spicier with another 25% hike announced on August 6th—set to kick in on August 27th. Let’s chill and dive into the trade vibes between India and the US, and check out what’s…

PPT Slides – For Classroom Presentation PDF Handout Introduction The balance of power theory is a central concept in international relations that posits global stability is best maintained when power is distributed among multiple states, preventing any one country from achieving dominance over the others. According to this theory, states act to secure their own…

PPT Slides – Teaching Aid Printable PDF Introduction Information Technology (IT) has emerged as a transformative force in modern governance, profoundly reshaping the functioning of Indian administration. As the world’s largest democracy, India has leveraged IT to improve the efficiency, transparency, and inclusiveness of public service delivery. Digital technologies now play an essential role in…

PPT Slides – Teaching Aid Printable PDF Importance of Values and Ethics in Indian Administration Building Trust and Credibility Values and ethics are the foundation of an effective and trustworthy administrative system in India. When public officials and civil servants act ethically—prioritizing integrity, transparency, and fairness—it enhances public trust and builds the credibility of government…

Slides – Teaching Aid Introduction: War is a form of armed conflict that occurs between states, governments, societies, or organized groups, typically characterized by extreme violence, widespread destruction, and high mortality rates. Throughout history, war has shaped nations and civilizations, often arising from causes such as political disputes, economic interests, territorial claims, religious differences, and…

Slides – Teaching Aid Introduction The “end of ideology” thesis argues that classic ideological conflicts in world politics—especially those rooted in grand, all-encompassing theories—have diminished in importance. Instead, pragmatism and consensus on certain core values, approaches, and institutions have come to dominate international relations, especially since the mid-20th century. Key Thinkers and the Thesis Daniel…