Introduction The Right to Education in India is a fundamental right enshrined under Article 21A of the Constitution, ensuring free and compulsory education for children between the ages of 6 and 14 years. This landmark provision was introduced through the 86th Constitutional Amendment Act, 2002, reflecting India’s commitment to universal education as a means of…

introduction Non-state actors in international relations refer to entities that operate across national borders and influence global politics and decision-making, but are not formally tied to any specific government. These actors include international organizations (e.g., the United Nations), non-governmental organizations (NGOs), multinational corporations, advocacy networks, terrorist groups, and even influential individuals. Unlike state actors, which…

State Actors – ACTORS IN INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS STATE ACTORS sovereign actor with a central – Studocu In international relations, state actors refer to the governments or political entities that represent sovereign states and play a crucial role in shaping global affairs. These actors are key players in diplomacy, conflict, trade, security, and other aspects of…

contemporary developments https://www.deccanherald.com/world/in-pivot-from-india-nepal-pm-visits-china-to-seek-investment-3301461

1. Sovereign States are Chief Actors: Sovereign states are the primary actors in international relations due to their unique attributes, roles, and capabilities. Here’s why they hold this central position: While non-state actors (e.g., multinational corporations, international organizations, NGOs, and transnational groups) also play significant roles, states remain the foundational units in shaping the structure…

Introduction: Public governance refers to the processes, systems, and structures through which governments and public institutions make decisions, implement policies, and manage resources to serve the public interest. It involves a broad range of activities, including policymaking, regulation, service delivery, and oversight, all aimed at promoting accountability, transparency, and inclusivity. Effective public governance ensures that…

introduction The 101st Amendment to the Indian Constitution, enacted in 2016, marked a transformative step in India’s economic and constitutional landscape by introducing the Goods and Services Tax (GST). This amendment streamlined the country’s complex indirect tax system by replacing multiple central and state taxes with a unified tax structure. The amendment added Articles 246A,…

introduction The 86th Amendment to the Indian Constitution, enacted in 2002, marked a significant milestone in the evolution of education policy in India. This amendment made the Right to Education a fundamental right, ensuring that every child in the age group of 6 to 14 years has access to free and compulsory education. It introduced…

introduction The 74th Amendment to the Indian Constitution, enacted in 1992, marked a significant step in strengthening grassroots democracy by institutionalizing urban local governance. This amendment introduced Part IX-A, dedicated to municipalities, and added the Twelfth Schedule, which enumerates 18 functional areas of local self-governance, such as urban planning, public health, and slum improvement. The…

introduction The 73rd Amendment of the Indian Constitution, enacted in 1992, marked a significant milestone in India’s democratic framework by empowering local self-governance. This amendment introduced a three-tier system of Panchayati Raj institutions (PRIs) in rural areas, aiming to decentralize power and ensure grassroots participation in governance. By granting constitutional status to PRIs, the amendment…