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introduction The doctrine of political constructivism is present in John Rawls’s A Theory of Justice and developed more lucidly in Rawls’s work such as Dewey Lectures and others. Constructivism in political theory is a framework that emphasizes the significance of social constructs, ideas, and interactions in shaping political realities. Unlike traditional theories that often focus…

introduction The cultural dimension of globalization is a multifaceted phenomenon that shapes and transforms societies worldwide through the interconnectedness of cultural practices, values, and artifacts. As global interactions intensify, cultures are increasingly influenced by and integrated with one another, leading to the proliferation of shared cultural experiences and the emergence of new, hybrid forms. This…

introduction The technological dimension of globalization refers to the increasing speed of technological diffusion across the global economy. It encompasses the spread of technologies around the world, particularly from developed to developing nations¹. This includes: Technological globalization is both an effect and a cause of globalization. As an effect, it’s facilitated by political and economic…

introduction Globalization has profoundly reshaped the world’s economic landscape, characterized by the intensification and expansion of economic interrelations across the globe. This phenomenon has led to the emergence of a new global economic order, marked by the internationalization of trade and finance, the rise of transnational corporations, and the enhanced role of international economic institutions.…

introduction The liberalisation of the Indian economy began in 1991. The reforms were initiated by the then Prime Minister P.V. Narasimha Rao and his Finance Minister Dr. Manmohan Singh. This period marked a significant turning point in India’s economic history, as the country faced a severe balance of payments crisis and needed to undertake structural…

Introduction St. Thomas Aquinas, born in the early 13th century, stands as a towering figure in the history of Western philosophy and theology. An Italian Dominican friar and priest, he is renowned for his synthesis of Aristotelian philosophy with Christian doctrine, which has profoundly influenced Catholic thought. His magnum opus, the Summa Theologiae, remains a…

introduction Medieval political thought, spanning from approximately the 4th to the 15th century, is a rich tapestry woven with diverse threads of philosophical inquiry and practical governance. It emerged in a period marked by the decline of the Roman Empire and the rise of feudalism, where the church played a central role in shaping societal…

introduction Economic reforms in India refer to the neoliberal policies implemented by the Narsimha-Rao government in 1991, when India was experiencing a severe economic crisis as a result of external debt. The revenues generated by the government were insufficient to cover the expenses. Narasimha Rao’s government introduced landmark economic reforms in 1991, known as the “New Economic…

Data from 2024 Russia 4380 USA 3708 China 500 France 290 UK 225 India 172 Pakiatan 170 Iran Israel 90 North Korea 30 Source: SIPRI Defence Expenditure of India in 2023 is 70423.2 crores.