introduction Medieval political thought, spanning from approximately the 4th to the 15th century, is a rich tapestry woven with diverse threads of philosophical inquiry and practical governance. It emerged in a period marked by the decline of the Roman Empire and the rise of feudalism, where the church played a central role in shaping societal…

introduction Economic reforms in India refer to the neoliberal policies implemented by the Narsimha-Rao government in 1991, when India was experiencing a severe economic crisis as a result of external debt. The revenues generated by the government were insufficient to cover the expenses. Narasimha Rao’s government introduced landmark economic reforms in 1991, known as the “New Economic…

Data from 2024 Russia 4380 USA 3708 China 500 France 290 UK 225 India 172 Pakiatan 170 Iran Israel 90 North Korea 30 Source: SIPRI Defence Expenditure of India in 2023 is 70423.2 crores.

Click here for PPT Introduction The relationship between India and Russia is a tapestry woven with threads of historical camaraderie, strategic cooperation, and mutual respect. Rooted in the Cold War era, this partnership has evolved into a multifaceted alliance that spans political, economic, defense, and cultural domains. As two nations with rich histories and diverse…

Introduction Liberalization refers to the process of reducing or eliminating government regulations and restrictions in an economy to encourage greater participation by private entities. This often involves policies aimed at making markets more competitive, increasing trade, fostering economic growth, and enhancing efficiency. Key aspects of liberalization can include deregulation, privatization of state-owned enterprises, reduction of…

Imagine you have a big chocolate cake (the economy) and a group of friends at a party (society). Now, one friend (the capitalist) claims they own the cake because they bought it, so they get to decide who gets how much of it. But another friend (the worker) says that’s not fair because they helped…

Click here for PPT introduction India and the United States share a multifaceted and strategic partnership that has evolved significantly since India’s independence in 1947. Initially marked by cautious interactions during the Cold War, the relationship has transformed into one of mutual respect and cooperation. Today, both nations engage closely on various fronts, including defense,…

Introduction Globalization refers to the process of increasing interconnectedness and interdependence among countries, primarily in terms of economic, cultural, technological, and political exchanges. It involves the movement of goods, services, information, people, and capital across borders, leading to greater international integration and interaction. This phenomenon is driven by advances in transportation, communication, and technology, which…

introduction In the context of political economy, liberalism refers to a set of ideas that emphasize individual freedoms, market-based economies, and limited government intervention in economic affairs. Key principles of liberalism in political economy include: Liberalism in political economy has evolved over time and can be traced back to the works of classical economists like…

Click here for PPT Introduction Colonialism is when a country takes control over another country or area. It’s like when someone decides to take over a playground and tells everyone else what games to play and how to play them. The country that takes control might use the land and resources for its own benefit,…